Farming system

Farming systems affected by certain factors which, in turn, can be affected by the operation of the agricultural system with cropping systems, its have unique characteristics, such as rice field which is always planted with rice (Rademeker, 1990). Djamali (2000) adds that farmers do farming varies greatly depending on natural conditions, commodities, cropping patterns and the level of commercialization, as well as the mastery level of production factors. Each region have a different natural conditions with other regions. The difference of natural conditions is usually accompanied by other differences that are relevant to the conditions of each region. The differences include differences in the form of physical, economic, social, cultural and others.Therefore, differences in geography, topography and socioeconomic conditions of each region will affect the choice of plants and animals are managed. 

Farming system is unique and stable within a reasonable planning in farming activities (eg crop cultivation, animal husbandry, agricultural processing) are managed based on the ability of the physical environment, biological, social and economic as well as in accordance with the objectives, capabilities and resources possessed by farmer (Febryanti, 2003). Norman (Rademeker, 1990) describes the factors that affect the farm system that is able to emphasize a variety of factors working in the agricultural system. Humans and farm management techniques is an element that affect agricultural systems. Humans are influenced by social factors and local culture, while the management techniques of Humans and farming  influenced by physical factors, biological, chemical and mechanical nature such as in Figure 1.  

 Sources: Norman and Gilbert in Rademaker, 1990 Figure 1. Factors affecting the agricultural system 

Sub systems that establish the farm according to FAO (1989 In Febrianty, 2003) is: 
1. Land use system. In this system farmers use a plot of land to be planted with plan, such as: food crops, including horticultural crops, industrial crops and fodder crops. 

2. Livestock system. In addition the farmers  using land to cultivating food crops and livestock maintenance, both major types of livestock poultry and fish. 

3. System of farm households. In this system farmers do business outside the farmers' activities (off farm) because in their function as individual beings, each farmer households have a relatively distinct character that will provide a relatively different pattern to their farming system . While in its function as a social being in a group then the peasant households interact with each other so it is a farm system. The system of farming households is an agent of society in a region or country. So the social, cultural, physical environment and government policies are giving effect to the farming systems in the region concerned. 

The original Javanese farming system consists of rice fields and home garden with the addition of poultry and livestock. Then the related Polynesian agricultural systems (root crops) and agricultural systems included in the Java field since the eighth century because the expansion of cultural and population pressure in East Java and West Java (Rademeker, 1990). Christanty et al., 1985 stated that dry land farming system according to must have the following criteria: 

1. Ecology 

The system must protect the soil from erosion and provides results that are sustainable without causing environmental damage. 

2. Economy 

The system should increase of carrying ecosystems capacity and can be a source of livelihood in the long time to the public 

3. Psychology and politics 
Traditional knowledge of farmers used to run their farm. Local knowledge was adopted to become a modern cropping systems.